Máy tính rủi ro SARC-F

What is Sarcopenia?

Sarcopenia is the progressive loss of muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical function with aging. It can lead to falls, fractures, loss of independence, and significantly impact quality of life. Early screening and intervention can prevent and improve this condition.

What is the SARC-F Scale?

SARC-F is an internationally recognized sarcopenia screening questionnaire consisting of 5 questions covering Strength, Assistance walking, Rise from chair, Climb stairs, and Falls. Each question scores 0-2 points, with a total score of 0-10. A score ≥4 suggests possible sarcopenia and requires further evaluation.

How to Measure Calf Circumference?

Method 1: Tape Measure - While sitting with lower leg hanging naturally, measure the circumference at the widest part of the calf. Method 2: Hand Measurement - Form a circle with thumbs and index fingers around the widest part of the calf: • Loose → Normal • Just right → Attention needed • Gap → High risk Standard: Male < 34cm, Female < 33cm indicates muscle loss risk.

Risk Factors for Sarcopenia

• Age: Accelerates after 50 • Sedentary lifestyle: Lack of exercise • Malnutrition: Insufficient protein intake • Chronic diseases: Diabetes, heart disease, kidney disease • Hospitalization: Long-term bed rest leads to rapid muscle loss

Prevention and Improvement

1. Adequate Protein: 1.2-1.5g per kg body weight daily Recommended foods: Meat, fish, eggs, milk, beans 2. Resistance Training: At least 2-3 times per week Home exercises: Squats, sit-to-stand, resistance bands 3. Regular Monitoring: Track muscle mass and strength annually

Formal Diagnosis Methods

SARC-F is only a screening tool. Formal diagnosis requires: 1. Muscle Mass Measurement: • DEXA scan (gold standard) • BIA (bioelectrical impedance analysis) 2. Muscle Strength Test: • Grip strength test (male <28kg, female <18kg) 3. Physical Function Test: • Walking speed (<0.8 m/s) • 5-times sit-to-stand test

Treatment Approaches

1. Nutritional Intervention: • High-protein diet • Leucine supplementation • Vitamin D supplementation 2. Exercise Training: • Resistance training (muscle building) • Aerobic exercise (endurance) • Balance training (fall prevention) 3. Medication: • Currently no approved specific drugs • Clinical trials ongoing

Frequently Asked Questions

Can sarcopenia be reversed?

Yes! With adequate protein intake and resistance training, muscle mass and strength can be restored. Studies show that even elderly people over 80 can improve muscle condition through training.

How much protein is enough?

General recommendation: 1.2-1.5g per kg body weight daily. For example, a 60kg elderly person needs 72-90g protein. Distributed across three meals: each meal should have a palm-sized portion of protein-rich food.

What if I can't do intense exercise?

Start with light exercises: sit-to-stand exercises, wall push-ups, walking. Gradually increase intensity. Consistency is more important than intensity, even 10 minutes daily is beneficial.

Is a low SARC-F score safe?

Not necessarily. SARC-F is a screening tool with relatively low sensitivity. If you're over 65, thin, or have chronic diseases, regular comprehensive evaluation (DEXA, grip strength test) is still recommended.

Which department should I visit?

Recommended departments: Rehabilitation Medicine, Family Medicine, Geriatric Medicine, or Metabolism and Endocrinology. Bring your SARC-F screening results for the physician's reference.